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Re Umberto-class ironclad
The ''Re Umberto'' class were a group of three ironclad battleships built for the Italian Navy in the 1880s and 1890s. The ships—, , and —were built as the culmination of a major naval expansion program begun in the 1870s following Italy's defeat at the Battle of Lissa in 1866. The ''Re Umberto''s incorporated several innovations over previous Italian designs, including a more efficient arrangement of the main battery, installation of wireless telegraphs, and in ''Sardegna'', the first use of triple-expansion steam engines in an Italian capital ship. Designed by Benedetto Brin, they retained the very thin armor protection and high top speeds of his earlier designs.
All three ships served in the Active Squadron for the first decade of their careers, which proved to be uneventful. They were transferred to the Reserve Squadron in 1905, and by the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911, they were serving as training ships. They provided fire support to Italian troops fighting in Libya during the conflict and took part in the seizure of several Ottoman ports, including Tripoli. During World War I, ''Sardegna'' was used as a guard ship in Venice, while ''Re Umberto'' served as a floating battery in Brindisi and ''Sicilia'' was reduced to a depot ship. All three ships survived the war and were broken up for scrap in the early 1920s.
==Design==
Starting in the 1870s, following the Italian fleet's defeat at the Battle of Lissa, the Italians began a large naval expansion program, aimed at countering the Austro-Hungarian Navy. The ''Re Umberto'' class was the culmination of the first phase of the program, which saw ten modern ironclad battleships built; these ships placed Italy with the third largest navy, after Great Britain and France.〔Greene & Massignani, p. 394〕 The three ''Re Umberto''s were designed by Benedetto Brin, then the president of the Committee for Naval Projects. The first two ships were authorized in 1883, and in 1885 Brin, who was now the naval minister, proposed a third vessel.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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